Passive Voice

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.  Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.

Contoh: She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atau irregular.

Contoh: play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

 

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

Active Sentence	Passive Sentence
1. Present Tense      S + V1 (s/es)      Contoh :      He repairs the bicycle	1. Present Tense      S + to be (is/am/are) + V3      Contoh :      The bicycle is repaired by him
2. Past Tense      S + V2      Contoh :      I bought some books	2.  Past Tense      S + to be (was/were) + V3      Contoh :      Some books were bought by me
3. Present Continous Tense      S + to be (is/am/are) + Ving      Contoh :      Anna is writing a letter	3. Present Continous Tense      S + to be (is/am/are) being + V3      Contoh :      A letter is being written by Anna
4. Past Continous Tense      S + to be (was/were) + Ving      Contoh :      They were buying some fruits	4. Past Continous Tense      S + to be (was/were) + being + V3      Contoh :      Some fruits were being bought by them
5. Present Perfet Tense      S + has/have + V3      Contoh :      Marry has written a letter	5. Present Perfet Tense      S + has/have been + V3      Contoh :      A letter has been written by marry
6. Past Perfect Tense      S + had + V3      Contoh :      Rian had done the homework	6. Past Perfect Tense      S + had been + V3      Contoh :      The homework had been done by Rian
7. Present Future Tense      S + will +V1      Contoh :      Ann will write the letters	7. Present Future Tense      S + will be +V3      Contoh :      The letters will be written by Ann
8. Past Future Tense      S + would + V1      Contoh :      She would repair the bicycle	8. Past Future Tense      S + would be + V3      Contoh :      The bicycle would be repaired by her
9. Modal     S + modal + V1     Contoh :     Harry will draw a picture	9. Modal     S + modal + be + V3     Contoh :     A picture will be drawn by Harry
NB : 1. Yes/No question    To be + S + V3/S + to be (not) + V3    Contoh :    Does he write an article?	Contoh :    Is an article witten?    An article is (not) written
2. Question : add “question words” of each pattern above why do they the house	Why is the house bought? When the house bought?

Passive Voice pada Infinitive

Bentuk pasif dari infinitive phrase dapat berperan sebagai subject, object, maupun modifier pada suatu kalimat. Rumus dan contoh bentuk pasif pada infinitive adalah sebagai berikut.

(to) be + past participle

Contoh:

• To be accompanied with him is a bad idea. (Subject)
• Everyone needs to be loved. (Object)
• He is the man to be trusted for all the things. (Modifier)

Passive Voice pada Gerund

Bentuk pasif pada gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object, maupun object of preposition dalam suatu kalimat. Berikut rumus dan contoh bentuk pasif pada gerund.

being + past participle

Contoh:

• Being accompanied with him is a bad idea. (Subject)
• My brother enjoyed being taken to the beach. (Object)
• My brother’s happy of being taken to the beach. (Object of preposition

Passive – Active

1.    A paper is being written by me – I am writing a paper

2.    French can be spoken by me – I can speak french

3.    Mathematic course will be joined by me – I will join mathematic course

4.    Some bags were bought for you by my mother – My mother bought some bags for you

5.    The robbers is caught by the police – The police catch the robbers

6.    Some foods has been bought by me – I have bought some foods

7.    The baby is looked after well by mother – Mother looks after the baby well

8.    The English books have been given back by the students - The students have given the English books back

9.    Yesterday The Dark Knight Rises had been watched by the man - The man had watched The Dark Knight Rises yesterday

10. At 7.00 PM, the thesis will be being revised by Sandra - Sandra will be revising her thesis   at 7.00 PM

Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice

http://www.wordsmile.com/passive-voice-tenses-infinitive-gerund

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/11/contoh-kalimat-aktif-pasif-dalam-bahasa-inggris-di-berbagai-tenses.html

Tim Edukatif HTS.Modul Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA atau MA Semester Gasal.Surakarta : Hayati Tumbuh Subur.

Tim Redaksi.2006.Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA/MA Semester Genap.Bekasi : Swadaya Murni