Economic Terms

Num	Economic Terms	Indonesian
1	Absolute advantage	Keuntungan absolut
2	Advertising	Iklan
3	Agency costs	Badan biaya
4	Present value	Nilai kini
5	Property rights	Hak milik
6	Aid	Tunjangan
7	Assets	Aktiva
8	Asymmetric information	Informasi asimetris
9	Auctions	Lelang
10	Balance of payments	Neraca pembayaran
11	Balanced budget	Anggaran berimbang
12	Producer surplus	Surplus produsen
13	Bankruptcy	kebangkrutan
14	Barriers to entry (or exit)	Hambatan masuk(atau keluar)
15	Barter	Barter
16	Basis point	Titik dasar
17	Bear	Menanggung
18	Behavioural economics	Perilaku ekonomi
19	Bonds	Obligasi
20	Profit maximum	Laba maximal
21	Brand	Merek
22	Budget	Anggaran
23	Business confidence	Kepercayaan Bisnis
24	Business cycle	Siklus bisnis
25	Capacity	Kapasitas
26	Capital	Modal
27	Capital adequacy ratio	Rasio Kecukupan Modal
28	Capital gains	Keuntungan penjualan barang modal
29	Capital intensive	Padat modal
30	Capital markets	Pasar modal
31	Capital structure	Struktur modal
32	Capitalism	Kapitalisme
33	Central bank	Bank Sentral
34	Ceteris paribus	Ceteris paribus
35	Charity	Amal
36	Classical economics	Ekonomi Klasik
37	Closed economy	Ekonomi Tertutup
38	Collateral	Jaminan
39	Collusion	Kolusi
40	Command economy	Komando ekonomi
41	Commodity	Komoditi
42	Common goods	Barang Umum
43	Comparative advantage	Perbandingan Keuntungan
44	Competitive advantage	Keunggulan Kompetitif
45	Competitiveness	Daya saing
46	Complementary goods	Pelengkap barang
47	Compound interest	Bunga berganda
48	Consumer confidence	Keyakinan konsumen
49	Consumer surplus	Surplus konsumen
50	Consumption	Konsumsi
51	Corruption	Korupsi
52	Cost of capital	Biaya Modal
53	Credit	Kredit
54	Credit crunch	Krisis kredit
55	Debt	Hutang
56	Deficit	Defisit
57	Deflation	Deflasi
58	Demand	Permintaan
59	Demand curve	Kurva Permintaan
60	Deposit insurance	Deposit asuransi
61	Depreciation	Penyusutan
62	Derivatives	Derivatif
63	Developing countries	Negara-negara berkembang
64	Development economics	Pembangunan ekonomi
65	Diminishing returns	Berkurang kembali
66	Enterprise	Perusahaan
67	Entrepreneur	Pengusaha
68	Environmental economics	Lingkungan Ekonomi
69	Equilibrium	Keseimbangan
70	Exports	Ekspor
71	Financial markets	Pasar Keuangan
72	Financial system	Sistem Keuangan
73	Fiscal policy	Kebijakan Fiskal
74	Fixed costs	Biaya Tetap
75	Rent	Sewa
76	Government bonds	Obligasi Pemerintah
77	Government expenditure	Pengeluaran pemerintah
78	Government revenue	Pendapatan pemerintah
79	Gross domestic product	Produk domestik bruto
80	Gross national product	Produk nasional bruto
81	Imports	Impor
82	Income	Penghasilan
83	Income tax	Pajak Pendapatan
84	Gini coefficient	Koefisien Gini
85	Inflation	Inflasi
86	Inflation target	Target inflasi
87	Insurance	Asuransi
88	Interest	Bunga
89	Investment	Investasi
90	Invisible hand	Tangan tak terlihat
91	Labour intensive	Buruh Intensif
92	Land	Tanah
93	Law and economics	Hukum dan Ekonomi
94	Price	Harga
95	Rate of Return	Tingkat pengembalian
96	Profit	Keuntungan
97	Stocks	Saham
98	Supply	Penawaran
99	Supply curve	Kurva penawaran
100	Subsidy	Subsidi

Simple Perfect Tense

Simple Perfect Tense

-         Verbal Sentence

1. The government has committed to halve the number of people who lack access to clean water and sanitation by 2015.

2. A world Bank study has shown that poor sanitation and hygiene costs the Indonesian economy Rp 56 trillion($6.1 billion) annually.

3. Providing household access to water seems to have slipped down the list of government priorities.

4. Palyja, has argued that it needs to increase prices in order to improve the quality of water.

5. The finance Ministry has signed the budget implementation documents.

6. We have money to fund the team for the team for the London Olympics and Paralympics.

7. Funds arriving-if it all-has plagued preparations.

8. Athletes have struggled to secure up-to-date equipment.

9. Asian games and Southeast Asian Games, pressure has grown on KONI and KOI.

10. One fencer have qualified for the Olympics.

11. Keeling’s defenders say that while he has played well, his skill level should not be the final determining factor in whether he gets to play.

-         Non Verbal Sentence

1. It has been eight years since Indonesia announced its latest version of the water law.

2. There have been notable successes.

3. Bonuses for silver or bronze medals have not been announced.

4. Money has long been a pressing problem in Indonesian sports as funding largely comes from government coffers.

5. It has been hard for them to concentrate in an event.

6. New York boy who played field hockey growing up in Ireland has been told that after two years on a girls high school team.

7. Cinelli says there have been occasions.

8. Girls have been approved to play football.

9. That’s now it has been here for the last month.

10. Baron Davis and Iman Shumpert have been lost to knee injuries during the series.

11. Lin has been playing in 3 on 3 workouts after surgery to repair torn cartilage in his left knee on April 2.

Source :

Jakarta Globe Wednesday, May 9, 2012

The future tense in Article

·       Artikel 1

"Jealousy"

I want you to imagine that you are about to visit a small village. It doesn't matter which country it's in because all villages are the same whichever part of the world they are in. There were only about 300 inhabitants in total in this particular village and everyone knew everybody's business. A typical street conversation would run like this: "I hear Joan's going to have a baby next year. I expect it'll be a boy this time I wouldn't be surprised. She's having a nurse come next week to help her with her 5 girls and maybe a boy will make life easier for her!" In this village people usually help each other whenever they can. If someone is going to the "big" town — that is where there are more than a thousand people living in it — invariably they will say to their neighbours: "I'll get you some vegetables, if you like". But it's not all sweetness and light here because there is a longstanding feud going on between two families. I'll let the local gossip, Mary tell you the background. "It must be ten years ago when it all started. I doubt it'll ever stop", she laughed when she said that. "But then I've been told I am to tell you the beginning of it all and also you are to listen, remember. There are two women who are always arguing about something. One of them lives in that huge house over there. Don't look now because she'll open her front door in a minute. She's going to catch the 9.15 bus that goes in ten minutes from that stop there. Now, she's a fine lady, she is. She's due to become a councillor next month after the elections and she'll probably make a good job of it. Now hold on a second the other lady is leaving her house in a minute. Yes, what did I say? She's going to catch the bus too but she'll get on at the next stop to avoid meeting the councillor lady. Now the second lady runs a small restaurant, as a matter of fact I'm taking lunch there later today." I asked Mary why these two women didn't get on. She looked me straight in the eye and said: "Jealousy. One runs a successful restaurant and the councillor lady runs a small guesthouse. Both of them are going to make a lot of money this year because of the festival but the guesthouse lady will make more and she always has done and that's the cause of the trouble."

Now what I haven't told you", continued Mary, "and I'm just about to reveal it, is that there are two other people in the story. Namely the son of one of the ladies and the daughter of the other. And yes, they are getting married next year and the whole village will be invited. It's going to be a big affair" I interrupted Mary at this point and asked her what had happened to the feud. "Oh that doesn't matter much now" continued Mary "they'll be too busy making arrangements for the wedding. They're due to meet a catering firm this morning". "So what's all this about separate bus stops?" I asked. "Oh, that's just for the tourists who are coming here next month." I tried to understand but had one more question: "And what about jealousy?" — "Now, you're not to worry about her. There are plenty of villages round here and she'll soon find another one to visit and cause trouble in" I thanked Mary and walked away, totally confused thinking to myself; "I shall never understand village life."

·       Artikel 2

Runners at the ready for BII Maybank international marathon in Bali

Running has become one of the most popular workouts in Indonesia. Identifying oneself as a runner is no longer confined to amateur athletes, but is a title proudly owned by people from different walks of life, including businesspeople and executives who have embraced running as part of their lifestyle.

Many take up running because they want to stay in shape, in addition to the relaxation of escaping their work routines. Every Sunday morning, they head to Jakarta’s central boulevards of Jl. Sudirman and Thamrin or Senayan Sports Stadium.

“Running is a product of the explosion of social entrepreneurship and also the growing middle class who take care of their health by doing sports,” said businessman and avid runner Sandiaga S. Uno.

He adds that running and especially marathons are used by individuals or companies as a medium for social outreach programs or corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts.

Sandiaga pioneered “Berlari Untuk Berbagi” (Running for Sharing), a charity program that raises funds for the needy through competing in marathons.

Unfortunately, international marathon races that are open to the public are rarely held in Indonesia, with the last organized way back in the 1980s. And compared to neighboring countries, Indonesia ranks the lowest in terms of hosting international marathon events. In 2011, for instance, no single international marathon event was held in the nation, compared to eight events in Thailand, six in Singapore, four in Malaysia and two in the Philippines.

Amateur runners have instead been forced to go abroad to compete in such events as the Singapore Marathon, KL Marathon, Gold Coast Australia Marathon, Berlin Marathon and New York Marathon.

The good news for runners is that Bank International Indonesia (BII) Maybank will organize an international open marathon on April 22 in Bali, with the Bali Safari Marine Park, Gianyar, designated as the starting and finishing point.

About 2,500 participants, both professional runners and amateur enthusiasts, are expected to take part in the BII Maybank Bali Marathon, with a full marathon (42.19 kilometers), half marathon (21.09-km) and 10-km race.

BII Maybank said its reasons for organizing the event were to meet the needs of the increasing numbers of marathon enthusiasts in Indonesia amid a dearth of competitions.

“Besides promoting Indonesia in general on the international athletic map, the marathon event is also part of BII’s CSR program,” said BII’s general legal counsel Satyo Haryo Wibowo, who is a co-race director.

Bali has been selected as the venue because it is one of the world’s top tourist destinations, offering cultural wealth and beautiful scenery to visitors. The route will allow the participants to enjoy Bali’s legendary vistas.

“It covers not only the main road, but participants will also see paddy fields, kampongs and Balinese temples, gamelan, dancers and other exotic scenery,” he said.

“Besides Bali has sufficient infrastructure and supporting facilities, hotels and adequate airport, which will meet the requirements for holding an international-scale marathon.”

To ensure that the marathon proceeds smoothly, BII Maybank has coordinated with the Bali governor, Denpasar mayor and Gianyar regent, and is also closely cooperating with several parties that have extensive experience in organizing sports events.

“Barbara Oravetz, founder of Jakarta Free Spirit, one of the running clubs in Jakarta, is assisting us in this regard,” he said, adding that Mark Clay, a triathlon ironman, and Bali Discovery Tour event organizer that organizes the Bali International Triathlon, are also involved in its organization.

According to Satyo, the marathon will be held in accordance with standards set by international practice. The BII Maybank organizing team has cooperated with the Association of International Marathon and Distance Races (AIMS) on ensuring the proper race course.

“The AIMS has sent Dave Cundy to conduct measurements on the distance of the race. Dave Cundy has extensive experience in conducting measurements on race distances and already holds Grade A as an IAAF-AIMS course measurer,” he said.

Participants will have a time chip attached to their leg, enabling the speed of each runner to be recorded.

BII Maybank is offering US$20,000 in prize money for the marathon champion and $10,000 for the 10-km race winner. “As a form of appreciation for their participation, all participants will be entitled to a medal as a finisher,” Satyo said.

To date, about 1,500, or more than 50 percent, of the targeted 2,500 runners have registered and confirmed their participation in the event. “Many of the participants are runners from other countries, such as Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Switzerland and the United States,” Satyo said.

The walk-in registration, which began in December 2011, will remain open until April 10, while online registration will be open until April 12.

Those interested in participating in the BII Maybank Bali Marathon should visit balimarathon.com for more information.

- Kalimat Future Tense (Verbal)

1. maybe a boy will make life easier for her

2. I'll get you some vegetables, if you like

3. I'll let the local gossip

4. I doubt it'll ever stop

5. Don't look now because she'll open her front door in a minute

6. she'll get on at the next stop to avoid meeting the councillor lady

7. The good news for runners is that Bank International Indonesia (BII) Maybank will organize an international open marathon on April 22 in Bali

8. The route will allow the participants to enjoy Bali’s legendary vistas

9. which will meet the requirements for holding an international-scale marathon.

- Kalimat Future Tense (Non Verbal)

1. I expect it'll be a boy this time I wouldn't be surprised

2. they are getting married next year and the whole village will be invited

3. they'll be too busy making arrangements for the wedding

4. the marathon will be held in accordance with standards set by international practice

5. all participants will be entitled to a medal as a finisher

6. while online registration will be open until April 12

Sumber :

Koran Jakarta Post Sunday, 8 April 2012

http://www.testden.com/challenge/free-toefl-gsa.as

Simple Present and Simple Past

Kalimat dalam bentuk present tense dan past tense menggunakan verbal/non-verbal

Form :

·         Simple Present Tense

-          S(I/you/we/they) + V1

S(he/she/it) + V1 (s/es)

-          S(I/you/we/they) + to be (am/are)

S(he/she/it) + to be (is)

·         Simple Past Tense

-          S(I/you/we/they/he/she/it) + V2

-          S(you/we/they) + to be (were)

S(I/he/she/it) + to be (was)

For Example :

·         Simple present tense

-          I am here every Sunday.

-          They are at home every morning.

-          She is very intelligent.

-          The sun sets in the west.

-          The ice is cold.

-          We study english at school.

-          He watches TV in the evening.

-          I go to market everyday.

-          You keep the library every Friday.

-          My parents go to the office at 7 o’clock.

·         Simple past tense

-          They were happy last week.

-          You were here last night.

-          I was born in 1993.

-          My family went to Bangka Island yesterday.

-          I went to Java 2 years ago.

-          They said something an hour ago.

-          We went together a few days ago.

-          I saw thunderstorm last year.

-          You helped me do homework yesterday.

-          We was hunger everyday last year.